https://chatgpt.com/share/684e364e-dd08-8002-b363-a3582babee48

https://chatgpt.com/share/684e630f-998c-8002-849b-fcb31d1eec86

sudo apt install fail2ban # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo systemctl enable –now fail2ban

新增 jail

/etc/fail2ban/jail.local

[DEFAULT]
封鎖時間、偵測視窗、失敗次數

bantime = 1h ; 封 1 小時（可寫 86400 或 1d）
findtime = 10m ; 10 分鐘內
maxretry = 5 ; 失敗 5 次就封
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.0.2.10 ; 白名單 (例: 你的固定 IP)

[sshd] ; 啟用預設的 sshd filter
enabled = true
port = ssh ; 或 22,2222 等自訂 Port
logpath = %(sshd_log)s ; Debian=/var/log/auth.log, RHEL=/var/log/secure
backend = systemd ; 系統用 systemd journal 時可啟用

[apache-badbots]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-badbots
logpath = /var/log/apache2/access.log
maxretry = 1
bantime = 86400 # 封 1 天

sudo systemctl restart fail2ban


看全局
sudo fail2ban-client status

看 sshd jail 詳細資訊
sudo fail2ban-client status sshd

全域白名單（所有 jail 皆生效）
[DEFAULT]
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 192.0.2.10 203.0.113.0/24 2001:db8::/32



自定義一份適合您格式的 filter
建立 /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-custombots.conf 並加入：
[Definition]
failregex = ^ .“(GET|POST|HEAD)..env.HTTP.” [45]\d{2} .+ “.” ^ .“(GET|POST|HEAD)..git.HTTP.” [45]\d{2} .+ “.“
^ .“(GET|POST|HEAD).” [45]\d{2} .+ “.ZmEu.“
^ .“(GET|POST|HEAD).” [45]\d{2} .+ “.Hello World.“
^ .“(GET|POST|HEAD).” [45]\d{2} .+ “.Keydrop.“

ignoreregex =

然後在 jail.local 加入：
[apache-custombots]
enabled = true
port = http,https
logpath = /var/log/apache2/access.log
filter = apache-custombots
maxretry = 1
findtime = 600
bantime = 1h

再 reload：
sudo fail2ban-client reload
sudo fail2ban-client status apache-custombots

查看 iptables
sudo iptables -L

https://yanwei-liu.medium.com/raspberry-pi%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98-%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80-%E5%B9%AB%E6%A8%B9%E8%8E%93%E6%B4%BE%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9Aip-bc1bb13bc28f

https://www.796t.com/post/ZDg5aW0=.html